A compiled reference of 44 verified statistics on freight damage and cargo claims. It covers how often LTL, ocean, and parcel shipments are damaged or lost, and the claim deadlines and response clocks set by the Carmack Amendment and 49 CFR Part 370. It also covers the per-pound liability caps printed in FedEx Freight and Old Dominion tariffs, ocean and air liability limits, containers lost at sea, and cargo theft counts and values. Every figure comes from a named public source (federal statutes and regulations, carrier tariffs, SEC filings, the World Shipping Council, Verisk CargoNet, TIA, BSI and TT Club) and was checked against the original before publishing. The famous numbers that could not be traced to any source are listed separately, with what we found instead.
Key statistics
7 highlights from this report
Key statistics
Key takeaways
The damage rate you hear depends on who is counting. Shippers say about 1 in 80 LTL shipments ends in a claim. The best LTL carriers report claims paid at 0.1% of revenue, which is dollars, not shipments. The gap between those two numbers is the claims process itself. The law gives a shipper at least nine months to file and a carrier 120 days to answer. But a claim only exists once it is written down with an amount, and a note on the delivery receipt does not count. Meanwhile, cargo theft losses rose 60% in a year even as incident counts held flat, because thieves now pick the most valuable loads.
Shippers report a 1.24% LTL damage rate, about 1 in 80 shipments
Carriers report far lower claim ratios: 0.1% at Old Dominion, 0.3% at XPO in 2025
The Carmack Amendment guarantees at least 9 months to file a claim and 2 years to sue
Carriers get 30 days to acknowledge a claim and 120 days to pay, decline, or make an offer
FedEx Freight caps liability at $25 per pound; Old Dominion at $5 per pound
1,478 containers were lost at sea in 2025, 0.0005% of 280 million moved
Cargo theft losses hit $725 million in 2025, up 60%, at $273,990 per theft
The freight claim clock
Every deadline below comes from a statute, a regulation, or a published carrier tariff. The dates in blue are hard legal minimums under 49 U.S.C. 14706 and 49 CFR Part 370. The grey dates are tariff terms carriers add on top. The whole process turns on one thing: what was written down, and photographed, at pickup and at delivery.
Claims-process timeline
From delivery to disposition
Motor carrier shipments in the United States. Rail follows the same minimums under 49 U.S.C. 11706 and 49 CFR Part 1005.
How we built this report
Every figure was compiled in September 2026 from named public sources and checked against the original document before publishing.
- Compiled from primary sources
Federal statutes and regulations (49 U.S.C. 14706 and 11706, 49 CFR Parts 370, 375, and 1005, COGSA). Carrier rules tariffs and claims pages (FedEx Freight, Old Dominion, FedEx, USPS) and SEC 10-K filings (Old Dominion, XPO). The World Shipping Council's containers-lost report, Verisk CargoNet, Overhaul, BSI and TT Club, TIA, ATA, and a Senate hearing record. Two shipper-side surveys, labeled as vendor research.
- Only explicitly stated figures
We include only numbers a named source states directly, and attribute each inline at the point it appears. Numbers that circulate without a source are quarantined in their own section.
- Disagreements shown, not averaged
Shipper surveys and carrier filings disagree by a factor of ten on LTL damage. We show both and explain what each one measures.
- Independent review
Written by one co-founder, reviewed by the other before publishing.
Scope caveat: there is no government census of freight damage. The rates on this page are what carriers disclose to investors, what index publishers compute from claims paid, and what shippers report in surveys. Each measures something different (shipments with a claim, dollars paid over revenue, shipments a shipper remembers as damaged), so they should not be blended. Tariff figures are the published rules as of their stated effective dates; a shipper's own contract can override them. Legal figures are federal minimums; a bill of lading may give more time, never less.
Freight damage and cargo claims, by the numbers
All 44 figures, grouped by theme, each from a named public source and independently verified. The famous unsourced numbers are in the last group.
The legal framework: Carmack and 49 CFR Part 370
Interstate motor and rail freight claims in the United States run on one statute and one short regulation. The Carmack Amendment, codified at 49 U.S.C. 14706 (law.cornell.edu), makes the receiving and delivering carrier liable for the actual loss or injury to the goods, and sets floors of 9 months to file and 2 years to sue that no bill of lading may shorten. The claims procedure lives in 49 CFR Part 370 (ecfr.gov): what counts as a claim, what does not, and how fast the carrier must answer. Rail has a parallel statute, 49 U.S.C. 11706, and parallel rules in 49 CFR Part 1005.
Statistic 1
Under the Carmack Amendment, a motor carrier is liable for the actual loss or injury to the property it carries, and a missing bill of lading does not remove that liability.
49 U.S.C. 14706(a)(1), Legal Information Institute (current)
Statistic 2
A carrier may not give a shipper less than 9 months to file a claim, or less than 2 years to bring a civil action, under 49 U.S.C. 14706(e).
49 U.S.C. 14706(e)(1), Legal Information Institute (current)
Statistic 3
A motor carrier may limit its liability to a value the shipper declares in writing or agrees to in writing, if that value is reasonable, under 49 U.S.C. 14706(c)(1)(A).
49 U.S.C. 14706(c)(1)(A), Legal Information Institute (current)
Statistic 4
A valid freight claim must do three things in writing: identify the shipment, assert carrier liability, and claim a specified or determinable amount of money (49 CFR 370.3(b)).
49 CFR 370.3(b), eCFR (current)
Statistic 5
A damage notation on a delivery receipt, a bad order report, or a carrier inspection report does not count as a filed claim on its own (49 CFR 370.3(c)).
49 CFR 370.3(c), eCFR (current)
Statistic 6
A motor carrier must acknowledge a written claim within 30 days of receiving it, unless it has already paid or declined the claim in writing (49 CFR 370.5).
49 CFR 370.5, eCFR (current)
Statistic 7
A motor carrier must pay, decline, or make a firm compromise offer within 120 days of receiving a claim, and must send a written status update every 60 days after that while the claim stays open (49 CFR 370.9).
49 CFR 370.9(a), eCFR (current)
Statistic 8
Rail carriers follow the same clock: a minimum of 9 months to file and 2 years to sue under 49 U.S.C. 11706(e), and 120 days to pay, decline, or offer under 49 CFR 1005.5.
49 U.S.C. 11706(e) and 49 CFR 1005.5 (current)
What this means: the law is generous on time and strict on form. A shipper has most of a year to file, but a driver's scribble of "damaged" on the receipt is not a claim, and neither is a carrier's own inspection report. The claim is a separate written document with a dollar figure. The delivery notation and the photos behind it are the evidence that document needs, not a substitute for it.
Liability limits by mode and carrier
Carmack liability is for the actual loss, but 49 U.S.C. 14706(c) lets a carrier limit it to a released value in its tariff, and both LTL tariffs we checked do. FedEx Freight's 100-Y rules tariff (fedex.com), effective January 5, 2026, sets the cap at $25.00 per pound per package for new articles and 50 cents per pound for used ones. Old Dominion's ODFL 100-Q tariff, Item 594 (odfl.com), sets $5.00 per pound for new commodities and $0.10 per pound for used. Ocean and air have statutory ceilings: $500 per package under the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (law.cornell.edu) and 26 SDRs per kilogram under the Montreal Convention, per FIATA's air freight alert (fiata.org). Household goods movers work under 49 CFR Part 375 (ecfr.gov), where basic released value is 60 cents per pound per article.
Statistic 9
FedEx Freight's 2026 rules tariff caps its liability for new articles at $25.00 per pound per package or $100,000 per incident, whichever is lower.
FedEx Freight 100-Y rules tariff (effective January 5, 2026)
Statistic 10
For used or reconditioned articles, FedEx Freight's liability drops to 50 cents per pound per package or $10,000 per incident.
FedEx Freight 100-Y rules tariff (effective January 5, 2026)
Statistic 11
FedEx Freight's tariff requires claims within nine months of delivery and civil actions within two years and one day of a written disallowance.
FedEx Freight 100-Y rules tariff, Item 960 (effective January 5, 2026)
Statistic 12
Old Dominion's rules tariff caps liability for new commodities at $5.00 per pound or $50,000 per occurrence, and for used commodities at $0.10 per pound or $10,000 per occurrence.
Old Dominion Freight Line, ODFL 100-Q rules tariff, Item 594 (revised November 2025)
Statistic 13
Old Dominion requires notice of concealed loss or damage within five business days of delivery, and all claims with supporting documents within nine months.
Old Dominion Freight Line, ODFL 100-Q rules tariff, Item 594 (revised November 2025)
Statistic 14
Under the U.S. Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, an ocean carrier's liability is capped at $500 per package unless the shipper declared a higher value on the bill of lading.
46 U.S.C. 30701 note, COGSA section 4(5), Legal Information Institute (current)
Statistic 15
For international air cargo, the Montreal Convention liability limit rose from 22 SDRs to 26 SDRs per kilogram on December 28, 2024.
FIATA air freight liability alert (2024)
Statistic 16
A household goods mover's basic released-value liability is 60 cents per pound ($1.32 per kilogram) per article (49 CFR 375.303).
49 CFR 375.303(a), eCFR (current)
Statistic 17
A household goods delivery receipt may say the goods were received in apparent good condition except as noted, but it may not contain language releasing the mover from liability (49 CFR 375.701).
49 CFR 375.701, eCFR (current)
What this means: on a 400-pound pallet of used equipment, Old Dominion's default terms cap recovery at $40 and FedEx Freight's at $200, however much it cost. The only way to recover more is to declare a value or buy excess coverage before pickup, and the only way to prove the loss is documentation from before and after the move. "Received in apparent good condition except as noted" is the sentence every claim is argued against.
Parcel claim windows
Parcel carriers set their claim terms in their own service guides, and the windows they publish are far shorter than nine months. According to FedEx's claims page (fedex.com), damage claims on U.S. packages are due within 60 calendar days of the shipment date. USPS's Domestic Mail Manual section 609 (usps.com) allows 60 days from the mailing date.
Statistic 18
FedEx Express and FedEx Ground damage or missing-contents claims must be filed within 60 calendar days of the shipment date for U.S. packages and 21 calendar days for international packages; lost-shipment claims get nine months.
FedEx claims support page (2026)
Statistic 19
USPS damaged or missing-contents claims must be filed no later than 60 days from the date of mailing.
USPS Domestic Mail Manual, section 609 (current)
What this means: for a parcel, the whole claim window is two months from the day it shipped, not the day it arrived. A receiving team that photographs every parcel on arrival and opens damaged ones the same day keeps the window open. One that discovers damage at install, weeks later, has often already lost it.
How often freight is damaged
There are three ways to count, and they give three different numbers. Carriers count claims paid against revenue: Old Dominion's 2025 Form 10-K (sec.gov) reports a cargo claims ratio of 0.1%, and XPO's reports 0.3%, down from 1.2% in late 2021. The Synchrogistics LTL Claims Ratio Index (synchrogistics.com) puts the industry at 0.35% of carrier revenue in the third quarter of 2025. Shippers count shipments that came back with a problem. Flock Freight's 2025 shipper research study (flockfreight.com), a vendor survey of 1,000 transportation decision-makers, reports a 1.24% LTL damage rate, about 1 in 80 shipments. The average claim in that survey was $1,796. On the packing side, TT Club (ttclub.com), a transport insurer, found that 65% of damage to cargo in its claims records traces to poorly packed, blocked, or secured cargo.
Damage and loss rate by mode
What is actually measured, and by whom
Each row is one published figure. The rows are not comparable to each other: each column says what the number counts. Modes with no verified figure say so.
| Mode | Rate | What it counts | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTL, single carrier | 0.1% | Cargo claims ratio (claims as a share of revenue), as reported to investors | 2025 | Old Dominion Freight LineForm 10-K, sec.gov |
| LTL, single carrier | 0.3% | Damage claims ratio, as reported to investors; was 1.2% in Q4 2021 | 2025 | XPOForm 10-K, sec.gov |
| LTL, industry | 0.35% | Total claims paid divided by carrier revenue; was 0.59% in Q1 2020 | Q3 2025 | SynchrogisticsLTL Claims Ratio Index, synchrogistics.com |
| LTL, shipper-reported | 1.24% | Share of LTL shipments that ended in a damage or loss claim, per 1,000 shippers surveyed (vendor survey) | 2024 | Flock Freight2025 shipper research study, flockfreight.com |
| LTL, two-touch cross-dock | 0.81% | Damage and missing-item rate across 808,574 shipments on one network (vendor data) | 2026 | WarpLTL damage research, wearewarp.com |
| Ocean container | 0.0005% | Containers lost overboard as a share of about 280 million transported (1,478 containers) | 2025 | World Shipping CouncilContainers Lost at Sea report, worldshipping.org |
| Full truckload | No verified figure | No carrier, regulator, or association publishes a truckload damage rate. Circulating ranges are unsourced (see the last group). | ||
| Parcel | No verified figure | FedEx, UPS, and USPS do not publish damage rates. Consumer surveys measure recall, not shipments. | ||
| Rail | No verified figure | No railroad or regulator publishes a damage rate. Only the claim clock (49 CFR Part 1005) and the theft share (10% of U.S. incidents in 2025, per BSI and TT Club) are published. | ||
| Air cargo | No verified figure | No public damage rate found. Only the liability cap (26 SDRs per kg) is published. |
Statistic 20
Old Dominion reported a cargo claims ratio of 0.1% for 2025, alongside 99% on-time service.
Old Dominion Freight Line, Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (filed February 2026)
Statistic 21
XPO reported a damage claims ratio of 0.3% for 2025, down from 1.2% in the fourth quarter of 2021.
XPO, Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (filed February 2026)
Statistic 22
The U.S. LTL industry paid out claims equal to 0.35% of carrier revenue in the third quarter of 2025, down from 0.59% in the first quarter of 2020, which works out to about $3,500 in claim payments per $1 million of LTL spend.
Synchrogistics LTL Claims Ratio Index, Q3 2025 update (December 2025)
Statistic 23
Shippers surveyed by Flock Freight reported a 1.24% damage rate on LTL shipments in 2024, about 1 in every 80 shipments.
Flock Freight shipper research (vendor survey, 2025)
Statistic 24
The average LTL damage claim in the same survey was $1,796 per shipment, and the average enterprise shipper spent about $5.1 million a year on LTL damage and loss issues.
Flock Freight shipper research (vendor survey, 2025)
Statistic 25
43% of shippers surveyed said they booked a full truckload because they were not sure another mode would deliver their freight damage-free.
Flock Freight 2025 shipper research study (vendor survey of 1,000 decision-makers)
Statistic 26
A two-touch cross-dock network reported a 0.81% damage and missing-item rate across 808,574 shipments, 35% below the 1.24% shipper-survey figure Warp used as its benchmark.
Warp LTL damage research (vendor data, March 2026)
Statistic 27
TT Club's analysis of its insurance claims found that 65% of damage to cargo results from poorly packed, blocked, or secured cargo in containers and other transport units.
TT Club container packing press release (2017)
Statistic 28
TT Club statistics indicate that as much as 66% of cargo damage incidents in the intermodal supply chain can be attributed in part to poor practice in the overall packing process.
TT Club cargo integrity guidance (current)
What this means: LTL freight is handled at several terminals between pickup and delivery, and the shipper-reported rate is roughly ten times the carrier-reported ratio. Part of the gap is method (dollars over revenue versus shipments with a problem); the rest is claims never filed, filed late, denied for missing documents, or paid below the loss. With TT Club tracing about two thirds of its container claims to packing, a carrier's first defense is that the goods were packed badly, and the shipper's only answer is a photo of how they left the dock.
Containers lost at sea
The one mode with a near-complete count is ocean. According to the World Shipping Council's Containers Lost at Sea report, 2026 update (worldshipping.org), 1,478 containers were lost in 2025 out of about 280 million transported, or 0.0005%. That is up from 576 in 2024 and 221 in 2023, the lowest year on record, but a single vessel casualty accounted for 640 of them. The council's 2025 update put the 10-year average at 1,274 a year.
Statistic 29
An estimated 1,478 containers were lost at sea in 2025 out of about 280 million transported, or 0.0005% of global container movements.
World Shipping Council, Containers Lost at Sea report (2026 update)
Statistic 30
576 containers were lost in 2024; the lowest year on record was 2023 with 221 containers, and the highest was 2013 with 5,578.
World Shipping Council, Containers Lost at Sea report (2026 update)
Statistic 31
One vessel incident accounted for 640 of the containers lost in 2025, about 43% of the year's total, and 128 containers were recovered, the highest recovery figure recorded.
World Shipping Council, Containers Lost at Sea report (2026 update)
Statistic 32
The 10-year average is 1,274 containers lost per year, based on reporting from carriers representing about 90% of global container vessel capacity.
World Shipping Council, Containers Lost at Sea report (2025 update)
What this means: total loss at sea is rare. The container that arrives is the normal case, and what is inside it is governed by the $500-per-package COGSA cap and the same packing evidence TT Club describes. The seal number and container photos at stuffing and at devanning decide those claims, not the headline loss count.
Cargo theft and freight fraud
Theft is the fastest-moving line in freight loss. According to Verisk CargoNet's 2025 annual analysis (cargonet.com), estimated losses reached nearly $725 million in the United States and Canada, up 60% from 2024. The number of recorded events barely changed at 3,594, so the average theft rose 36% to $273,990. Overhaul's annual report (over-haul.com) counted 2,576 U.S. cargo theft events in 2025. The BSI Consulting and TT Club 2025 cargo theft report, per BSI's press release (bsigroup.com), found trucks made up roughly 70% of incidents worldwide and 22% involved insiders. On the broker side, the Transportation Intermediaries Association's April 2025 fraud report (tianet.org) found 22% of brokers lost more than $200,000 to fraud in six months. Homeland Security Investigations' estimate of 15 to 35 billion dollars in annual losses was entered into a 2025 Senate hearing record (govinfo.gov). The American Trucking Associations (trucking.org) cites an ATRI calculation of over $18 million a day for trucking alone.
Statistic 33
Estimated cargo theft losses in the United States and Canada reached nearly $725 million in 2025, a 60% increase from 2024.
Verisk CargoNet 2025 annual theft trends analysis (January 2026)
Statistic 34
The average value per cargo theft rose to $273,990 in 2025, up 36% from $202,364 in 2024.
Verisk CargoNet 2025 annual theft trends analysis (January 2026)
Statistic 35
CargoNet recorded 3,594 supply chain crime events in 2025, about the same as 2024's 3,607, but confirmed cargo thefts rose 18%, from 2,243 to 2,646.
Verisk CargoNet 2025 annual theft trends analysis (January 2026)
Statistic 36
California had 1,218 cargo theft incidents in 2025; food and beverage thefts rose 47% to 708 and metal theft rose 77%.
Verisk CargoNet 2025 annual theft trends analysis (January 2026)
Statistic 37
Overhaul recorded 2,576 cargo theft events in the United States in 2025, and 605 in the second quarter of 2026 alone.
Overhaul U.S. and Canada annual cargo theft report 2025; U.S. Q2-2026 report
Statistic 38
Trucks accounted for roughly 70% of cargo theft incidents worldwide in 2025, 22% of incidents involved insiders, and U.S. rail cargo theft rose from 4% of incidents in 2024 to 10% in 2025.
BSI Consulting and TT Club 2025 cargo theft report, press release (April 2026)
Statistic 39
California (31%), Texas (15%), and Illinois (7%) recorded the highest U.S. cargo theft volumes in 2025.
BSI Consulting and TT Club 2025 cargo theft report, press release (April 2026)
Statistic 40
22% of freight brokers surveyed by TIA lost more than $200,000 to fraud in six months, and 10% spent more than $200,000 on fraud prevention.
Transportation Intermediaries Association, State of Fraud report (April 2025)
Statistic 41
97% of brokers named truckload freight the most fraud-prone mode, 34% named unlawful brokerage the top scheme, and 83% saw at least three types of fraud in six months. TIA Watchdog logged over 1,600 fraud reports from September 2024 to February 2025, up 65%.
Transportation Intermediaries Association, State of Fraud report (April 2025)
Statistic 42
Homeland Security Investigations estimates that cargo theft accounts for 15 to 35 billion dollars in losses annually, a figure entered into the record at a 2025 Senate hearing.
U.S. Senate hearing record on cargo theft, 119th Congress (2025)
Statistic 43
The American Transportation Research Institute calculated that cargo theft costs the trucking industry over $18 million per day, and, citing CargoNet, that strategic theft has surged 1,500% since 2021.
American Trucking Associations cargo theft policy page (2025)
What this means: the number of thefts is flat and the money is up 60%, which means thieves are choosing loads, not stumbling on them. A fictitious pickup, where a truck that looked right took the freight, is a documentation failure. A photo of the tractor, trailer, plate, and driver at the dock is the cheapest control there is, and it is the same handoff record a damage claim needs.
The freight base these rates sit on
A rate needs a denominator. According to the American Trucking Associations' industry data (trucking.org), trucks moved roughly 72.7% of U.S. freight by weight in 2024, an estimated 11.27 billion tons, for a freight bill of about $906 billion. Every LTL ratio above is a fraction of a slice of that.
Statistic 44
Trucks moved roughly 72.7% of U.S. freight by weight in 2024, an estimated 11.27 billion tons, for a freight bill of about $906 billion.
American Trucking Associations, economics and industry data (2025)
What this means: Synchrogistics puts LTL claims paid at about $350 million a year at its 0.35% ratio, a rounding error against the $906 billion trucking bill. Against a $906 billion trucking bill, the unsourced "$50 billion in damage" figure below would imply a loss rate no published carrier or index comes close to.
Claims we could not verify
Four numbers appear on almost every freight-damage blog. We traced each one. None leads to a primary source, and the one that has a named source turns out to be a different number about a different thing.
What this means: if you need a headline number for freight damage, there is not one. Cite the measured LTL figures with their method attached, or cite the theft figures, which are counted. Do not cite $50 billion.
Cite this study
Academic or press use: copy a ready-made reference. RapidEye is the publisher. RapidEye Research compiles condition and documentation references for people who own, manage, or inspect property; the same handoff photos that decide a freight claim decide a turnover or move-out dispute.
Quick FAQ
What percentage of freight shipments are damaged?
It depends on who is counting. Shippers surveyed by Flock Freight reported a 1.24% LTL damage rate in 2024, about 1 in 80 shipments. Carriers report much lower claim ratios: Old Dominion reported a 0.1% cargo claims ratio and XPO a 0.3% damage claims ratio for 2025 in their SEC filings. The Synchrogistics LTL Claims Ratio Index puts industry claim payments at 0.35% of carrier revenue in Q3 2025. Ocean container losses were 0.0005% of containers moved in 2025, per the World Shipping Council. No verified damage rate exists for truckload, parcel, or air freight.
How long do you have to file a freight claim?
At least 9 months from delivery for motor and rail carriers. Under 49 U.S.C. 14706(e) and 49 U.S.C. 11706(e), a carrier cannot set a claim filing window shorter than 9 months or a lawsuit window shorter than 2 years. Both carrier tariffs we checked, FedEx Freight and Old Dominion, use the nine-month minimum. Parcel is much shorter: FedEx Express and Ground allow 60 calendar days from the shipment date for damage, and USPS allows 60 days from the mailing date.
How long does a carrier have to respond to a freight claim?
30 days to acknowledge and 120 days to decide. Under 49 CFR 370.5 a motor carrier must acknowledge a written claim within 30 days. Under 49 CFR 370.9 it must pay, decline, or make a firm compromise offer within 120 days, and if it cannot, it must send a written status update every 60 days while the claim stays open. Rail carriers follow the same 120-day rule under 49 CFR 1005.5.
What is the maximum a carrier has to pay for damaged freight?
The Carmack Amendment makes a motor carrier liable for the actual loss, but 49 U.S.C. 14706(c)(1)(A) lets the carrier limit liability to a declared or agreed value in its tariff. FedEx Freight's 2026 tariff caps liability at $25.00 per pound per package or $100,000 per incident for new goods and 50 cents per pound for used goods. Old Dominion caps new commodities at $5.00 per pound or $50,000 per occurrence and used commodities at $0.10 per pound or $10,000. Ocean carriers are capped at $500 per package under COGSA. International air cargo is capped at 26 SDRs per kilogram under the Montreal Convention since December 28, 2024. Household goods movers' basic liability is 60 cents per pound per article.
How much cargo theft is there in the United States?
Verisk CargoNet estimated nearly $725 million in cargo theft losses across the United States and Canada in 2025, up 60% from 2024, with an average of $273,990 per theft and 2,646 confirmed thefts. Overhaul separately recorded 2,576 U.S. cargo theft events in 2025. Homeland Security Investigations puts total annual losses at 15 to 35 billion dollars, a figure entered into a 2025 Senate hearing record.
Data sources
Every figure on this page traces to one of these named public sources, each checked against the original before publishing.
Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law SchoolU.S. Code text: 49 U.S.C. 14706 and 11706, COGSA (46 U.S.C. 30701 note)law.cornell.edu
eCFR49 CFR Parts 370, 375, and 1005, current textecfr.gov
FedEx and FedEx FreightFedEx Freight 100-Y rules tariff; parcel claims support pagefedex.com
Old Dominion Freight LineODFL 100-Q rules tariff, cargo liability itemodfl.com
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR)Old Dominion and XPO Form 10-K filings for fiscal 2025sec.gov
United States Postal ServiceDomestic Mail Manual, claims sectionusps.com
FIATAAir freight liability limits alert, Montreal Conventionfiata.org
SynchrogisticsLTL Claims Ratio Index, quarterly updatesynchrogistics.com
Flock Freight (vendor)Shipper research study and LTL cost analysisflockfreight.com
Warp (vendor)LTL damage-rate researchwearewarp.com
TT ClubContainer packing claims analysis; cargo integrity guidancettclub.com
World Shipping CouncilContainers Lost at Sea report, 2025 and 2026 updatesworldshipping.org
Verisk CargoNet2025 annual supply chain risk trends analysiscargonet.com
OverhaulU.S. and Canada annual and quarterly cargo theft reportsover-haul.com
BSI Consulting2025 cargo theft report with TT Club, press releasebsigroup.com
Transportation Intermediaries AssociationState of Fraud in the Industry report, April 2025tianet.org
American Trucking AssociationsEconomics and industry data; cargo theft policy pagetrucking.org
U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo)Senate hearing record on cargo theft, 2025; GAO air cargo security report, 2002govinfo.govKeep reading
Fleet Maintenance Cost Statistics
StatisticsDOT Roadside Inspection Statistics
GuideProving which handoff caused the damage: attribution between back-to-back bookings
Related: how to check when a photo was taken, for anyone whose delivery photos will be questioned, and heavy equipment downtime statistics for what a late or damaged delivery costs on the receiving end.